The world largest offshore wind farms generate over 1 GW each of clean electricity. They power millions of homes and represent hundreds of billions of dollars of capital investment. This guide ranks the 15 largest by capacity, covering the UK North Sea and Chinese coastal fleets that dominate the top of the list.
The ranking
| Rank | Farm | Country | Capacity (MW) | Turbines |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hornsea 2 | UK | 1,320 | 165 x 8 MW |
| 2 | Hornsea 1 | UK | 1,218 | 174 x 7 MW |
| 3 | Dogger Bank A | UK | 1,235 (final capacity) | 95 x 13 MW |
| 4 | Yangjiang Qingzhou | China | ~1,000 | Various |
| 5 | Moray East | UK | 950 | 100 x 9.5 MW |
| 6 | Triton Knoll | UK | 857 | 90 x 9.5 MW |
| 7 | Borkum Riffgrund 3 | Germany | 913 | 83 x 11 MW |
| 8 | Seagreen | UK | 1,075 | 114 x 9.4 MW |
| 9 | Vineyard Wind 1 | US | 806 | 62 x 13 MW |
| 10 | Race Bank | UK | 573 | 91 x 6 MW |
| 11 | Beatrice | UK | 588 | 84 x 7 MW |
| 12 | Nordsee One | Germany | 332 | 54 x 6 MW |
| 13 | Formosa 2 | Taiwan | 376 | 47 x 8 MW |
| 14 | Gemini | Netherlands | 600 | 150 x 4 MW |
| 15 | London Array | UK | 630 | 175 x 3.6 MW |
Hornsea: the current leader
Hornsea 2, operated by Orsted, is the largest operational offshore wind farm globally at 1.32 GW. Located in the North Sea about 90 km off the Yorkshire coast, it powers over 1.4 million UK homes. Hornsea 3 (2.85 GW) is under construction and will become the new largest when commissioned.
Dogger Bank: the next generation
Dogger Bank in the UK North Sea will be the largest offshore wind farm globally when completed at 3.6 GW across phases A, B, and C. Uses 13 MW Haliade X turbines. Joint venture between SSE, Equinor, and Vargronn.
Chinese fleet
China has multiple offshore wind farms in the 500 MW to 1 GW range, most commissioned since 2020. Yangjiang, Fujian, and Jiangsu are notable coastal regions. Chinese turbine manufacturers (MingYang, Envision, Goldwind) lead deployment.
United States: recent arrivals
Vineyard Wind 1 (Massachusetts, 806 MW) came online in 2024. Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind (2.6 GW, phased) is in construction. Empire Wind (New York, 810 MW planned) is next in queue.
Notable developers
| Developer | Notable projects |
|---|---|
| Orsted | Hornsea 1, 2, 3; London Array |
| SSE Renewables | Seagreen, Dogger Bank |
| Equinor | Dogger Bank, Empire Wind |
| RWE | Sofia, Nordsee cluster |
| Iberdrola | Wikinger, Vineyard Wind |
| MingYang | China deployment |
| Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners | Vineyard Wind |
Combined capacity of top 15
Technology trends visible in top 15
Larger turbines dominate newer entries. Older farms used 3 to 4 MW turbines; recent farms use 10 to 15 MW. Foundations increasingly monopile for shallow water, jacket for deeper water. Floating foundations coming but not yet in top 15.
UK dominance in top 15
UK dominates the top 15 with 8 farms. This reflects a decade of consistent policy support, seabed leasing framework, and grid connection strategy. Continued UK auctions maintain pipeline into 2030.
Coming next in the ranking
Hornsea 3 (2.85 GW), Dogger Bank A/B/C phased build, Baltic Eagle expansion, He Dreiht in Germany, and multiple Chinese projects are all in construction. The 2028 rankings will look very different from 2025.
Future ranking outlook
By 2030, expect Hornsea 3 and Dogger Bank at the top. Chinese giants will populate the middle. US East Coast projects will start entering the top 15. Floating offshore may appear in the top 25 at least.
Frequently asked questions
What is the largest operational offshore wind farm?
Hornsea 2 at 1.32 GW.
What will be the largest by 2030?
Likely Hornsea 3 or Dogger Bank C.
How many homes does 1 GW power?
Approximately 900,000 UK homes.
Are these farms all in Europe?
Mostly. China dominates by capacity but individual projects in top 15 are still mostly European.
What is capacity factor for offshore wind?
Typically 40 to 50 percent for modern North Sea farms.
How deep can offshore wind go?
Fixed bottom to about 60 metres. Floating for deeper.
Do these farms use Chinese or Western turbines?
Western (Siemens Gamesa, Vestas, GE) for European and US farms; Chinese for Chinese farms.
How far offshore are they?
Modern farms 30 to 100 km offshore. Older farms closer.
Do they affect fishing?
Regulated coexistence. Some farms allow limited fishing within array.
How can I see farm data?
The UtilityRadar directory lists offshore wind farms.
Summary
The world 15 largest offshore wind farms combine roughly 13 GW of capacity, dominated by UK North Sea projects and increasingly by Chinese coastal projects. Hornsea 2 currently leads at 1.32 GW; Hornsea 3 and Dogger Bank will take over by 2030. The sector is delivering GW scale wind farms with 10 to 15 MW turbines, driving continued cost reductions and grid integration innovation.
Next reading
- How many offshore wind farms in the world
- How wind turbines work
- Renewable energy complete guide
- Browse the UtilityRadar directory
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